剧本角色
Andee1
女,0岁
Andee Tagle1
Marilyn
女,0岁
Marilyn Cornelis
Ugo
女,0岁
Ugo Iroku
Andee2
女,0岁
Andee Tagle2
NPR播客 | LIFE KIT
National Public Radio
How to have a healthy relationship with caffeine
如何与咖啡因建立健康的关系
CAST
主持人1 Andee Tagle 主持人2 Andee Tagle
嘉宾 Marilyn Cornelis 嘉宾 Ugo Iroku
Andee1:Hey there, Andee Tagle here. Do you know when your relationship with caffeine began? I know exactly when mine started. Years before I became a reporter for LIFE KIT, I worked a graveyard shift. I was a sophomore in college at the time, and it was my duty from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. to sit at a desk at the front of the dorms and check the IDs of everyone who entered the building.
Andee1:嗨,这里是 Andee Tagle。你知道你和咖啡因的关系是从什么时候开始的吗?我确切地知道我的是什么时候开始的。在我成为《生活周刊》记者的几年前,我上过夜班。当时我是一名大二学生,从晚上9点到早上6点,我的职责是坐在宿舍前面的桌子旁,检查每个进入大楼的人的身份证。
Andee2:Not a whole lot to it. Great gig to get your homework done. The hardest part of the job was staying awake. But lucky for me, my cute little hall monitor desk sat right next to a vending machine stocked with all the best goodies-Pop-Tarts, M&M's, Cup of Noodles and, maybe you've guessed it, energy drinks. That was my beginning.
Andee2:没什么。完成家庭作业的好工作。这项工作最困难的部分是保持清醒。但对我来说幸运的是,我可爱的小大厅监控桌就在一台自动售货机旁边,里面放着所有最好的东西——馅饼、M&M's、一杯面条,也许你已经猜到了,还有能量饮料。那是我的开始。
Andee1:From that summer on, before every test, every deadline, every big interview, really on any just marginally busy day for years, I needed my Monster Zero Ultra. That's the white and silver can for fellow enthusiasts. It was so much a part of my routine, it kind of became a personality trait. Maybe my drink doesn't speak to you specifically, but I'm betting that you can relate.
Andee1:从那个夏天开始,在每一次测试、每一个截止日期、每一次重大面试之前,真的是在多年来任何一个稍微繁忙的日子里,我都需要我的Monster Zero Ultra。这是为其他爱好者准备的白色和银色罐子。这在很大程度上是我日常生活的一部分,有点成为了我的一种个性特征。也许我的饮料并没有具体地和你说话,但我打赌你能理解。
Andee2::There are millions of adult brains out there that wake up every morning and scream, caffeine, caffeine, caffeine. In fact, a 2022 survey reported that 93% of American adults consume caffeine. Of those, 75% consume caffeine at least once a day. So it's safe to say a bunch of us are stuck on the sauce. But what does that mean for us exactly?
Andee2:有数百万成年人的大脑每天早上醒来都会尖叫,咖啡因,咖啡因,咖啡。事实上,2022年的一项调查显示,93%的美国成年人摄入咖啡因。其中75%的人每天至少摄入一次咖啡因。所以可以肯定地说,我们中的一群人被酱汁卡住了。但这对我们到底意味着什么?
Marilyn:Some people, they might think that they need to cut back because they don't like the idea of feeling that they're addicted to something, or they just think that overall, there's - it's better for their health to cut back on caffeine.
Marilyn:有些人可能认为他们需要减少摄入咖啡因,因为他们不喜欢感觉自己对某些东西上瘾,或者他们只是认为总的来说,减少摄入咖啡因对他们的健康更好。
Andee1:If you're listening to this, these are probably familiar feelings. Personally, I've gotten a ton of grief from friends and family about all those Monsters. And there's a lot of confusing media out there suggesting that caffeine consumption is something to be curbed, cut out entirely, even feared. But I've got some news for you - caffeine is not the enemy.
Andee1:如果你在听这个,这些可能是熟悉的感觉。就我个人而言,我从朋友和家人那里得到了很多关于那些怪物的悲伤。有很多令人困惑的媒体认为,咖啡因的消费是需要控制、完全减少的,甚至令人担忧。但我有一些消息要告诉你——咖啡因不是敌人。
Ugo:Caffeine has a lot of benefits for the average person, including in the areas that you would have imagined it did it.
Ugo:咖啡因对普通人有很多好处,包括在你想象中的领域。
Andee1:It's true. In general, when used correctly, caffeine is your friend, not your foe, and has a lot of positive effects to offer you. For one, caffeine is thought to protect your liver from cirrhosis and other liver diseases.
Andee1:这是真的。一般来说,如果使用得当,咖啡因是你的朋友,而不是敌人,它会给你带来很多积极的影响。首先,咖啡因被认为可以保护你的肝脏免受肝硬化和其他肝病的侵袭。
Marilyn:Coffee consumption reduces your risk of Type 2 diabetes.
Marilyn:喝咖啡可以降低患2型糖尿病的风险。
Ugo:It's thought that for every one cup of coffee you drink, there's a 3% decreased risk in arrhythmia.
Ugo:人们认为,你每喝一杯咖啡,心律失常的风险就会降低3%。
Andee1:For women, caffeine is associated with lower stroke risk.
Andee1:对于女性来说,咖啡因与降低中风风险有关。
Marilyn:Coffee and caffeine reduces risk of Parkinson's disease.
Marilyn:咖啡和咖啡因可以降低患帕金森氏症的风险。
Ugo:We use caffeine to treat, of course, migraine headaches and other types of headache. And the list goes on and on.
Ugo:当然,我们用咖啡因来治疗偏头痛和其他类型的头痛。而且名单还在继续。
Andee1:So in this episode of LIFE KIT-understanding our pal, caffeine. We'll learn how caffeine works and why its effect varies from person to person. We'll do some more myth busting, and we'll learn how to make sure that your relationship with that morning Joe is a healthy one. A quick note up front, friends-this episode features vetted medical research but should not be taken as blanket medical advice.
Andee1:所以在这一集的生活工具包了解我们的朋友,咖啡因。我们将了解咖啡因是如何工作的,以及为什么它的效果因人而异。我们将做更多的打破神话的工作,我们将学习如何确保你和那天早上乔的关系是健康的。朋友们,这一集以经过审查的医学研究为特色,但不应被视为笼统的医学建议。
Andee2:Responsibly consumed caffeine is beneficial for a lot of people, but there are certain populations like children, pregnant people or people trying to get pregnant, those with certain medical conditions or people who take certain medications - who should abstain from or reduce their caffeine consumption.
Andee2:快速摄入咖啡因对很多人都有益,但也有一些人群,如儿童、孕妇或试图怀孕的人、患有某些疾病的人或服用某些药物的人,他们应该避免或减少咖啡因的摄入。
Andee1:You should always speak to your doctor if you have questions about your specific needs. OK, first things first, what are we working with exactly? Before we can determine the role caffeine should play in our lives, we need to understand what exactly caffeine is and how it works. To do that, I've called in some help.
Andee1:如果你对自己的具体需求有疑问,你应该经常和医生谈谈。好吧,首先,我们到底在做什么?在我们确定咖啡因在我们的生活中应该扮演的角色之前,我们需要了解咖啡因到底是什么以及它是如何工作的。为了做到这一点,我请了一些人帮忙。
Ugo:My name is Ugo Iroku. I'm a gastroenterologist in New York City and also associate professor at Mount Sinai Hospital, division of gastroenterology.
Ugo:我的名字叫Ugo·伊洛库。我是纽约市的胃肠病学家,也是西奈山医院胃肠科的副教授。
Andee2:Where is Dr. Ugo on the caffeine obsession scale?
Andee2:Ugo博士对咖啡因的痴迷程度在哪里?
Ugo:I am not a caffeine lover. I'm a caffeine observer.
Ugo:我不是咖啡因爱好者。我是一个咖啡因观察家。
Andee2:As a gastroenterologist, Dr. Ugo is often the person who has to tell his patients they need to alter or limit their relationship with caffeine.
Andee2:作为一名胃肠病学家,Ugo医生经常不得不告诉他的病人,他们需要改变或限制与咖啡因的关系。
Ugo:It makes me very unpopular and - which is why I always try to be practical. And I don't take it away. I just modify the amount that they intend to incorporate into their baseline going forward.
Ugo:这让我很不受欢迎,这就是为什么我总是努力务实。我不会把它拿走。我只是修改了他们未来打算纳入基线的金额。
Andee2:Before we get to baselines and modifications-coffee. Takeaway one understand what's in your cup.
Andee2:在我们开始基线和修改之前,先喝咖啡。带走一个明白你杯子里有什么的人。
Ugo:Yeah, so caffeine is a compound that exists in a number of plants, probably over 60 worldwide. And it also exists in our coffee beans and tea leaves, in kola nuts and cacao.
Ugo:是的,所以咖啡因是一种存在于许多植物中的化合物,全世界可能有60多种。它也存在于我们的咖啡豆、茶叶、可乐和可可中。
Andee1:Caffeine is a naturally occurring stimulant. That means when it's absorbed into the body, it helps stimulate the brain and the central nervous system, essentially speeding up the message between your head and the rest of your body. It does that by blocking something called adenosine.
Andee1:咖啡因是一种天然的兴奋剂。这意味着,当它被吸收到身体中时,它有助于刺激大脑和中枢神经系统,从根本上加快你的大脑和身体其他部分之间的信息传递。它通过阻断一种名为腺苷的物质来做到这一点。
Ugo:So this is where you pause the story to say, what is adenosine? And adenosine, interestingly enough, is a byproduct of the energy source in our body. So we run off of an energy source called ATP.
Ugo:所以这就是你暂停故事的地方,说什么是腺苷?有趣的是,腺苷是我们身体能量来源的副产品。所以我们耗尽了一种叫做ATP的能量来源。
Andee2:That stands for adenosine triphosphate.
Andee2:那代表三磷酸腺苷。
Ugo:And with the continued use of the ATP, adenosine is like a little marker saying, hey, yet another unit of energy has been dispensed.
Ugo:随着ATP的持续使用,腺苷就像一个小标记,说,嘿,又有一个单位的能量被分配了。
Andee2:When the neurotransmitter adenosine has sent out enough of those little used energy messages, you get drowsy and your body slows down. So what caffeine does is get in adenosine's way, stopping it from delivering those messages to the adenosine receptors that are waiting for that signal for the body to rest.
Andee2:当神经递质腺苷发出足够多的那些很少使用的能量信息时,你就会昏昏欲睡,身体也会变慢。因此,咖啡因的作用是阻碍腺苷,阻止它将这些信息传递给腺苷受体,而腺苷受体正在等待信号让身体休息。
Ugo:And so it creates a situation where we have increased amount of alertness and decreased amount of drowsiness. And so caffeine doesn't give us energy, but it gives us more alertness by blocking adenosine's message to tell us to slow down and to go to sleep.
Ugo:所以这就造成了一种情况,我们的警觉性增加了,睡意减少了。因此,咖啡因不会给我们能量,但它通过阻断腺苷告诉我们放慢速度入睡的信息,给我们更多的警觉性。
Andee1:OK, pause here. Product marketing has told us over and over again that caffeine equals energy. But...
Andee1:好的,在这里暂停。产品营销一再告诉我们咖啡因等于能量。但是...
Ugo:That's a myth because caffeine in and of itself does not give you energy.
Ugo:这是个神话,因为咖啡因本身并不能给你能量。
Andee1:Now, there are plenty of energy-like things that caffeine does for you that I'm sure I don't have to spell out, but will for good measure. It makes you more alert and focused. Some studies have also shown that it can improve mood, cognitive and athletic performance, even potentially increase metabolism.
Andee1:现在,有很多能量,比如咖啡因对你的作用,我相信我不必详细说明,但会很好地说明的。它会让你更加警觉和专注。一些研究还表明,它可以改善情绪、认知和运动表现,甚至可能增加新陈代谢。
Andee2:But all of these effects are not the same thing as providing actual energy to your body. Only food can do that. Why is this important to know? Because Dr. Ugo says that far too often, people try to use caffeine as a substitute for adequate rest and nutrition. I know I'm guilty of that. Unfortunately, that's just not how it works.
Andee2:但所有这些效果都与为你的身体提供实际能量不同。只有食物才能做到这一点。为什么知道这一点很重要?因为Ugo博士说,人们经常试图用咖啡因来代替充足的休息和营养。我知道我对此感到内疚。不幸的是,事情并非如此。
Ugo:Caffeine can never make up for a poor night's sleep. The only thing that can make up for a poor night's sleep is more sleep.
Ugo:咖啡因永远无法弥补晚上的睡眠不足。唯一能弥补睡眠不足的就是多睡一会儿。
Andee1:And that 3 p.m. coffee? It might help you get through your afternoon hump, but it's important to know that that tired feeling will likely boomerang back to you later on in your day.
Andee1:那下午3点的咖啡呢?这可能会帮助你度过下午的难关,但重要的是要知道,这种疲惫的感觉很可能会在一天的晚些时候回到你身边。
Andee2:Because remember, caffeine doesn't get rid of those sleepy signals; it just holds them off a while. So caffeine is cool, but you'll still need your fruit, your veggies and your bedtime. And while we're on the topic of diet, there's probably another caffeine reputation you're familiar with.
Andee2:因为记住,咖啡因并不能消除那些嗜睡的信号;这只会让他们拖延一段时间。所以咖啡因很酷,但你仍然需要水果、蔬菜和就寝时间。当我们谈论饮食的话题时,可能还有另一个你熟悉的咖啡因名声。
Ugo:One effect that some people report is that when they consume coffee, they feel that they have an increased amount of desire to go to the bathroom and to move their bowels.
Ugo:一些人报告的一个影响是,当他们喝咖啡时,他们觉得上厕所和排便的欲望增加了。
Andee1:Coffee, specifically, is a common tool for keeping people regular. But some research suggests caffeine in general might help get you moving, too. You might have also heard that caffeine is a diuretic. And that's true, but it's a mild one.
Andee1:具体来说,咖啡是让人们保持规律的常用工具。但一些研究表明,咖啡因通常也会帮助你运动。你可能也听说过咖啡因是一种利尿剂。这是真的,但这是一个温和的问题。
Ugo:Essentially, caffeine can, in moderate amounts, cause a moderate amount of desire to have a urine output. And so, you know, put roughly, I think 300 milligrams of caffeine might induce about four fluid ounces of urine in general.
Ugo:从本质上讲,适量的咖啡因会引起适度的排尿欲望。所以,你知道,粗略地说,我认为300毫克的咖啡因通常会引起大约4盎司的尿液。
Andee2:So you can make of that what you will. Or if you want to know more about hydration, head over to our LIFE KIT episode on the topic. The next thing you need to know about caffeine-like I mentioned at the start, caffeine is usually not the bad guy. Takeaway two caffeine isn't your enemy. It has a PR problem.
Andee2:所以你可以随心所欲。或者,如果你想了解更多关于水合作用的信息,请访问我们的《生活工具包》一集。接下来你需要知道的关于咖啡因的事情,就像我在开头提到的,咖啡因通常不是坏人。拿走两杯咖啡因并不是你的敌人。它有一个公关问题。
Andee1:You've heard the whispers before. Caffeine stunts your growth, causes heart disease, dehydrates you. Steer clear, say the headlines. But these rumors just don't ring true for the vast majority of us. How did we get here? Pull up a cold brew and let's get into it. Marilyn Cornelis is an associate professor at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine.
Andee1:你以前听过这些窃窃私语。咖啡因会阻碍你的生长,导致心脏病,使你脱水。头条新闻说,避开。但这些谣言对我们大多数人来说都不是真的。我们是怎么走到这一步的?拿出一杯冷啤酒,让我们开始吧。Marilyn Cornelis是西北大学范伯格医学院的副教授。
Marilyn:I do research in nutrition, genetics and special interest in coffee and caffeine health.
Marilyn:我研究营养、遗传学,对咖啡和咖啡因的健康特别感兴趣。
Andee2:Marilyn says caffeine often cozies up with bad actors, and that confuses people.
Andee2:Marilyn说咖啡因经常讨好坏演员,这会让人困惑。
Marilyn:Consuming a lot of caffeine is often equated with someone who is really stressed out and working hard. And some of those other behaviors are actually more greater risk factors for health. And so it becomes what we call a confounder in some of this research.
Marilyn:摄入大量咖啡因通常等同于一个压力很大、工作很努力的人。而其他一些行为实际上是更大的健康风险因素。因此,在一些研究中,它成为了我们所说的混杂因素。
Andee2:So caffeine has a serious case of guilt by association.
Andee2:所以咖啡因有严重的负罪感。
Marilyn:Someone who's drinking a lot of caffeine might be short on sleep. We know sleep is an important risk factor for a number of diseases.
Marilyn:喝了很多咖啡因的人可能睡眠不足。我们知道睡眠是许多疾病的重要危险因素。
Andee2:Nicotine is another great example.
Andee2:尼古丁是另一个很好的例子。
Marilyn:Smoking and coffee consumption are highly correlated. What's interesting about smoking is that it induces the enzyme that metabolizes caffeine, and so a smoker will want to consume more coffee in order to get that psychostimulant effect. And we know that smoking is a risk factor for a number of health outcomes and diseases.
Marilyn:吸烟和喝咖啡是高度相关的。吸烟的有趣之处在于,它会诱导代谢咖啡因的酶,因此吸烟者会想喝更多的咖啡来获得这种精神刺激效果。我们知道吸烟是许多健康结果和疾病的风险因素。
Andee1:So the more you smoke, the more you'll want caffeine. Another important thing to note in this arena - not all caffeinated drinks are created equal. Black coffee or green tea offer antioxidants and a slew of other potential benefits, for example. But sugary, syrupy Frappuccinos, sodas, energy drinks...
Andee1:所以你抽得越多,你就越想要咖啡因。在这个舞台上需要注意的另一件重要事情是,并非所有含咖啡因的饮料都是平等的。例如,黑咖啡或绿茶提供抗氧化剂和一系列其他潜在的好处。但含糖、糖浆状的冰乐、汽水、能量饮料...
Ugo:You have a lot of sugar and a lot of other contents that may not be helpful for you. Of course, we know really depends on what you're taking with your caffeine before the judgment comes in.
Ugo:你有很多糖和其他成分,可能对你没有帮助。当然,我们知道这真的取决于你在做出判断之前摄入了什么咖啡因。
Andee2:Caffeine alone doesn't rot your teeth or lead to weight gain, but too much soda in your diet might. Healthy caffeine consumption seems to promote heart health, but pounding those caffeine- and sugar-overloaded energy drinks every day might be a quick recipe for health troubles like insomnia, nervousness or irregular heartbeat.
Andee2:咖啡因本身不会腐蚀你的牙齿或导致体重增加,但你的饮食中摄入过多的苏打水可能会。健康的咖啡因摄入似乎可以促进心脏健康,但每天喝那些咖啡因和糖含量过高的能量饮料可能会很快导致失眠、紧张或心跳不规则等健康问题。
Andee1::You get the point. Caffeine in general is not a lone bandit out to steal your calm and crib your good health. But there is one more big idea to consider here - the idea of caffeine as an addictive drug.
Andee1:你明白了。一般来说,咖啡因并不是唯一一个偷走你平静和健康的强盗。但这里还有一个更大的想法需要考虑——咖啡因是一种成瘾药物。
Marilyn:Currently, the U.S. does not consider caffeine an addictive substance. So your layman person, like, everyday - they might say, oh, I'm a caffeine addict. And, of course, there's always jokes about it. But technically, it's not considered a drug of dependence.
Marilyn:目前,美国并不认为咖啡因是一种成瘾物质。所以你的外行,比如,每天——他们可能会说,哦,我是个咖啡因上瘾者。当然,人们总是拿它开玩笑。但从技术上讲,它不被认为是一种依赖性药物。
Andee2:Let's break down why that might be. There are a number of different factors that can contribute to an addiction or substance use disorder. Among them, according to the DSM-5-impaired control, physical dependence, social problems and risky use.
Andee2:让我们来分析一下为什么会这样。有很多不同的因素会导致成瘾或药物使用障碍。其中,根据DSM-5受损控制,身体依赖,社会问题和危险使用。
Andee1:An addiction to heroin, for example, can greatly impair your judgment and might lead to neglecting responsibilities at home, work or school. If you're addicted to alcohol, you might feel the need to keep drinking even when it causes relationship problems.
Andee1:例如,海洛因成瘾会极大地削弱你的判断力,并可能导致忽视在家、工作或学校的责任。如果你对酒精上瘾,你可能会觉得有必要继续喝酒,即使这会导致关系问题。
Andee2:This is where caffeine seems to stand apart from other drugs that aspect of social harm. Now, this isn't to say caffeine can't be abused, but the research seems to show that generally, the stakes are a bit different.
Andee2:在社会危害方面,咖啡因似乎与其他药物不同。现在,这并不是说咖啡因不能被滥用,但研究似乎表明,总的来说,利害关系有点不同。
Ugo:Yes, I think there is no strong, clinically significant, you know, adverse effects of being on caffeine the way there is with other harsher chemicals, like cocaine and heroin or the like.
Ugo:是的,我认为咖啡因没有像可卡因和海洛因等其他更严厉的化学物质那样产生强烈的、具有临床意义的不良影响。
Andee1:That being said, you can build up a tolerance to caffeine, which isn't the same as an addiction. It just means over time, your body gets used to that daily coffee and can produce more adenosine receptors accordingly. And if you don't have it, you might experience withdrawal symptoms.
Andee1:也就是说,你可以建立对咖啡因的耐受力,这与上瘾不同。这只是意味着随着时间的推移,你的身体会习惯每天喝咖啡,并相应地产生更多的腺苷受体。如果你没有,你可能会出现戒断症状。
Andee2:And then there's misuse, which is, well, what it sounds like using substances and, in this case, caffeine - at inappropriate levels or ways that could potentially lead to adverse outcomes. We've all had one cup too many and regretted it. So maybe take a pause here and take a hard look at your daily caffeine routine.
Andee2:然后是滥用,这听起来就是使用物质的感觉,在这种情况下,使用咖啡因的水平或方式不合适,可能会导致不良后果。我们都喝多了一杯,都很后悔。所以,也许在这里停下来,认真审视一下你每天的咖啡因摄入习惯。
Andee1:Is there any part of this relationship that's harming you? Any part of your routine that just isn't sitting right? It's important to know what healthy caffeine consumption looks like for you and to understand that it will look different for everyone, from the surface level to the cellular. And that brings us to takeaway No. 3 learn your levels. Have you ever been scolded for your venti matcha latte?
Andee1:这段关系中有什么伤害你的地方吗?你日常生活中有什么地方不对劲?重要的是要知道健康的咖啡因消费对你来说是什么样子的,并了解它对每个人来说都是不同的,从表面到细胞。这就引出了第三个要点——学习你的水平。你有没有因为你的venti抹茶拿铁而被骂过?
Andee2:Given that judgmental eye when you get up for that second cup of coffee or crack open that early morning energy drink? Been there. And Marilyn has some information that might help. For her post doctoral work at the Harvard School of Public Health, Marilyn studied the relationships between the human genome and our coffee and caffeine consumption.
Andee2:当你起床喝第二杯咖啡或打开清晨的能量饮料时,你会有那种挑剔的眼光吗?去过那里。Marilyn有一些信息可能会有所帮助。在哈佛大学公共卫生学院的博士后工作中,Marilyn研究了人类基因组与我们的咖啡和咖啡因消费之间的关系。
Marilyn:We found that genetic variants that were related to increased caffeine metabolism were also related to increased caffeine consumption behavior. So if an individual was genetically predisposed to metabolize caffeine very quickly, we found that they tended to consume more caffeine.
Marilyn:我们发现,与咖啡因代谢增加有关的基因变异也与咖啡因消费行为增加有关。因此,如果一个人的基因倾向于很快代谢咖啡因,我们发现他们往往会摄入更多的咖啡因。
Andee1:Marilyn's research found that our appetite and tolerance for caffeine is written in our genetic code. So I might naturally be more of a one-coffee-a-day person and you might be more of the three-coffee type. Neither is good or bad.
Andee1:Marilyn的研究发现,我们对咖啡因的食欲和耐受力写在我们的遗传密码中。所以我可能更自然地是一天一杯咖啡的人,而你可能更像是三杯咖啡的类型。两者都不好也不坏。
Marilyn:You just respond differently to caffeine. You either have grown accustomed to it and you've become - you can tolerate more caffeine. Our genetics are just different, so that makes you different from someone else.
Marilyn:你只是对咖啡因有不同的反应。你要么已经习惯了它,你就可以忍受更多的咖啡因。我们的基因是不同的,所以这使你与其他人不同。
Andee2:The other cool part about this - Marilyn says that your body often already knows what it needs and will signal that to you.
Andee2:另一个很酷的地方是——Marilyn说你的身体通常已经知道它需要什么,并会向你发出信号。
Marilyn:So you're naturally trying to titrate the levels of intake based on your genetics. Some people get really anxious with too much caffeine, so they naturally cut back and they just tend to know. Any avid coffee drinker, they know when to cut off, what - you know, what's the latest that they can have a cup of coffee before it impacts their sleep.
Marilyn:所以你很自然地试图根据你的基因来滴定摄入量。有些人因为咖啡因摄入过多而感到非常焦虑,所以他们自然会减少摄入,他们只是倾向于知道。任何一个狂热的咖啡爱好者,他们都知道什么时候该停下来,你知道,在咖啡影响睡眠之前,他们可以喝一杯咖啡的最新情况是什么。
Andee2:Have you ever been flabbergasted by that friend who goes for coffee at 10 p.m. or get jealous of that coworker that only needs a little bit of tea to power through their workday?
Andee2:你有没有被那个晚上10点去喝咖啡的朋友吓了一跳,或者嫉妒那个只需要一点茶就能维持工作的同事?
Andee1:Personally, I used to love to take a few big swigs of Monster right before laying down for a nap. Don't at me. You might call it wild. I call it genetics. Now, I want to be clear here. This is not a blank check to take down as much caffeine as you want.
Andee1:就我个人而言,我过去喜欢在躺下打盹之前喝几大口Monster。别骂我,你可能会说这很疯狂。我称之为遗传学。现在,我想澄清一下。这不是一张空白支票,可以随心所欲地摄入咖啡因。
Andee2:But it is good to know the effects of caffeine vary from person to person, which means sensitivities and dependence can vary, too. So how can you find your caffeine consumption sweet spot? As a starting point, the Food and Drug Administration suggests a max of 400 milligrams of caffeine a day for the average person because this is an amount not generally associated with dangerous or negative effects.
Andee2:但最好知道咖啡因的影响因人而异,这意味着敏感性和依赖性也会有所不同。那么,你如何才能找到咖啡因消费的最佳点呢?作为一个起点,美国食品和药物管理局建议普通人每天最多摄入400毫克咖啡因,因为这一量通常与危险或负面影响无关。
Andee1:Beyond that limit, some people might experience side effects, like sleeplessness, upset stomach or feelings of unhappiness. Again, this measure is a starting point, so it doesn't apply to everyone equally. But just so you're aware, let's get a handle on what 400 milligrams actually looks like. Most sources say that's roughly the amount of caffeine in four cups of coffee. But...
Andee1:超过这个限度,有些人可能会出现副作用,比如失眠、胃部不适或不快乐。同样,这项措施只是一个起点,所以它并不平等地适用于每个人。但为了让你知道,让我们来了解400毫克的实际情况。大多数消息来源称,这大约相当于四杯咖啡中的咖啡因含量。但是
Ugo:You have to be very careful when you're converting from cups to milligrams because there's a cup and then there's a cup that's a venti that, you know, has, like, four times the amount of caffeine you would expect in it.
Ugo:当你从杯子转化为毫克时,你必须非常小心,因为有一个杯子,然后有一个瓶子,你知道,里面的咖啡因含量是你预期的四倍。
Andee2:Moderation is key no matter what you're drinking.
Andee2:无论你喝什么,适度都是关键。
Ugo:Even if you're taking your caffeine in with, you know, a nice, innocent, you know, civilized cup of Earl Grey but you're doing six cups of it, you're consuming a lot more than you would be in terms of caffeine than you would be with a single Monster drink.
Ugo:即使你摄入了咖啡因,你知道,一杯很好的、无辜的、文明的格雷伯爵,但你喝了六杯,你摄入的咖啡因比你喝一杯怪物饮料摄入的要多得多。
Andee2:From there, keep listening to your body. Having a stressful day, so you ask for an extra espresso shot?
Andee2:从那里开始,继续倾听你的身体。压力很大的一天,所以你要求多喝一杯意式浓缩咖啡?
Ugo:Your body can give you feedback-you know, jitteriness, anxiety, you know, a raised pulse that you're just consuming too much in a given moment.
Ugo:你的身体会给你反馈,你知道,紧张、焦虑,你知道的,你只是在特定的时刻消耗了太多的脉搏。
Andee2:And what about that 4 p.m. energy drink? Will it mess with your sleep? According to the FDA, the half-life of caffeine is between four and six hours. So, yes, if you reach for that can too late, you might be affecting the quality of your rest.
Andee2:下午4点的能量饮料怎么样?它会影响你的睡眠吗?根据美国食品药品监督管理局的说法,咖啡因的半衰期在4到6小时之间。所以,是的,如果你太晚了,你可能会影响你的休息质量。
Ugo:Likely increasing the risk of insomnia and decreasing your REM sleep.
Ugo:可能会增加失眠的风险,减少你的快速眼动睡眠。
Andee1:Keep track of your patterns over time, too. Does that medium roast just not give you the same kick that it used to do? You need more and more caffeine to do the same functions?
Andee1:随着时间的推移,也要跟踪你的模式。那种中等程度的烤肉会不会不像以前那样让你兴奋?你需要越来越多的咖啡因来发挥同样的作用吗?
Ugo:Then that's a warning sign that you might be, quote-unquote, you know, "relying" too heavily on caffeine to function.
Ugo:那么这就是一个警告信号,你可能会,你知道,过于"依赖"咖啡因而无法发挥作用。
Andee2:Withdrawal symptoms obviously are another warning sign, and that can look like a lot of things headaches, fogginess, bad moods or irritability, fatigue, drowsiness, difficulty concentrating all things we want to avoid on a regular basis, no? And finally, a reminder here, if you have any questions or doubts about your consumption level...
Andee2:戒断症状显然是另一个警告信号,这看起来像是很多事情——头痛、起雾、心情不好或易怒、疲劳、嗜睡、难以集中注意力——所有我们想定期避免的事情,不是吗?最后,提醒一下,如果你对自己的消费水平有任何疑问...
Ugo:It's worth a conversation with your doctor as to how to best manage your caffeine intake.
Ugo:关于如何最好地控制你的咖啡因摄入,值得和你的医生谈谈。
Andee1:OK. You've made it this far, and you've decided maybe it's time to make some changes. We've got you covered. Our final takeaway, takeaway four - if you want to cut back, go slow and make swaps. Maybe you're tired of that energy drink calling your name from the vending machine at the start of every workday.
Andee1:好的。你已经走到了这一步,你决定也许是时候做出一些改变了。我们已经为您提供了保障。我们的最后一个外卖,外卖四——如果你想减少,就慢慢来,进行交换。也许你已经厌倦了每天工作开始时自动售货机上那种叫你名字的能量饮料。
Andee2:Maybe you don't like being so dependent on iced coffee to get through a day of running errands. Or maybe it's just time to change up your routine. How should you do it? Quitting caffeine cold turkey is an option. And Dr. Ugo says the worst of withdrawal symptoms usually abate in around 10 days. But...
Andee2:也许你不喜欢如此依赖冰咖啡来完成一天的跑腿。或者也许是时候改变你的日常生活了。你应该怎么做?彻底戒咖啡因是一种选择。Ugo博士说,最严重的戒断症状通常会在10天左右减轻。但是...
Ugo:Just empirically, we see that half people tend to fail when they try to do it cold turkey. And so I think ultimately the only benefit is that you get to your goal sooner if you can tough through the withdrawal symptoms. But otherwise a slower, more tapered approach is probably the more humane way to go.
Ugo:只是凭经验,我们看到一半的人在尝试彻底失败时往往会失败。因此,我认为最终唯一的好处是,如果你能克服戒断症状,你就能更快地达到目标。但除此之外,更缓慢、更锥形的方法可能是更人性化的方法。
Marilyn:Just do it slowly. It's a lot easier.
Marilyn:慢慢来。这要容易得多。
Andee1:In most cases, there's no need to make life harder than it needs to be by quitting caffeine full stop. But what does a slow approach to cutting back actually look like?
Andee1:在大多数情况下,没有必要通过停止摄入咖啡因来让生活变得更艰难。但是,一个缓慢的削减方法实际上是什么样子的呢?
Ugo:Johns Hopkins University tried to answer just that question, and they had their patients do a tapered step-down in the amount of caffeine that they consumed.
Ugo:约翰斯·霍普金斯大学试图回答这个问题,他们让患者逐渐减少咖啡因的摄入量。
Andee1:Let's say you normally drink four cups of coffee a day. On Week 1...
Andee1:假设你通常一天喝四杯咖啡。在第1周...
Ugo:They'd have you do three cups of coffee a day. Week 2, you had to cut that down to two cups of coffee a day.
Ugo:他们会让你一天喝三杯咖啡。第二周,你必须把它减少到每天两杯咖啡。
Andee1:One cup of coffee for Week 3 - so far you've cut back one cup of coffee per week.
Andee1:第三周喝一杯咖啡——到目前为止,你每周减少一杯咖啡。
Ugo:Week 4 - believe it or not, it would be half a cup of coffee a day. And by the fifth week they wanted you to be down to less than 50 milligrams of caffeine a day, which ultimately ends up to being about a third or so, more or less, of a cup of coffee and without using more than 15 milligrams at any one moment of time.
Ugo:第4周——信不信由你,这将是一天半杯咖啡。到第五周,他们希望你每天摄入的咖啡因少于50毫克,最终达到一杯咖啡的三分之一左右,或多或少,并且在任何时候都不超过15毫克。
Andee1:I know what you're thinking. A third of a cup of coffee or less? Don't worry. This is just one way to do it. You know best what an optimal level of caffeine is for you.
安迪1:我知道你在想什么。三分之一杯咖啡还是更少?别担心。这只是一种方法。你最清楚咖啡因的最佳含量是多少。
Andee2:And something else to remember here-our relationships with caffeine aren't just about what it does to us physiologically. Coffee dates with coworkers, tea with grandma, coke and popcorn at the movies caffeine is such a big part of our personal and social rituals. These things are significant.
Andee2:还有一点需要记住,我们与咖啡因的关系不仅仅是它对我们的生理作用。与同事一起喝咖啡,与奶奶一起喝茶,在电影中喝可乐和爆米花,咖啡因是我们个人和社交仪式的重要组成部分。这些事情意义重大。
Ugo:Maybe the whole ritual involved in obtaining our caffeine does give us a dopamine hit.
Ugo:也许获取咖啡因的整个过程确实会给我们带来多巴胺的刺激。
Andee1:So see where you can make some swaps. Maybe you just need a fizzy drink at the movies, not a soda necessarily, and could opt for sparkling water instead of Pepsi. Maybe what you're craving in the middle of that stressful workday isn't that Americano with an extra shot, but the fresh air and the breaking your day that the walk to the coffee shop affords you. Have a weekly coffee date with your bestie? Just swap for decaf.
Andee1:所以看看在哪里可以进行一些交换。也许你在电影里只需要一杯汽水,而不一定要苏打水,你可以选择汽水而不是百事可乐。也许在紧张的工作日里,你渴望的不是额外注射的美式咖啡,而是去咖啡馆散步能给你带来的新鲜空气和休息。和你的闺蜜每周喝杯咖啡约会?换成无咖啡因饮料。
Ugo:And so you can very quickly achieve a drop in your caffeine intake while still getting some of the other social and kind of psychological cues with having your drink.
Ugo:所以你可以很快减少咖啡因的摄入量,同时通过喝酒还能获得一些其他的社交和心理暗示。
Andee2:Whether you're looking for a good time with friends, a way to make that work deadline or a good study buddy for that big exam, remember, you have options.
Andee2:无论你是想和朋友共度美好时光,还是想在工作截止日期前找到一个好的学习伙伴,记住,你都有选择。
Ugo:So I think as a society, it's almost like a contract. We understand that we're using this. We benefit from it. And everyone personally has an individual responsibility to make sure that they're using it properly.
Ugo:所以我认为作为一个社会,这几乎就像一份合同。我们知道我们正在使用这个。我们从中受益。每个人个人都有责任确保他们正确使用它。
Andee2:Don't be scared to change or experiment with your relationship with caffeine. The important thing is that caffeine should be a helpful friend in your corner, not the boss of you. All right. I've had a gulp of green tea, and I'm ready to close this out.
Andee2:不要害怕改变或尝试与咖啡因的关系。重要的是,咖啡因应该是你身边有用的朋友,而不是你的老板。好吧我已经喝了一大口绿茶,我准备结束这一切。
Andee1:Let's recap. Takeaway 1 - understand what's in your cup. Caffeine can do a lot for you, but it's not an energy source. Sorry, friends. The only fix for a lack of sleep is more sleep. Takeaway 2 - caffeine is not the enemy. There are so many benefits to adding caffeine to your diet. Don't be scared by old wives' tales. Takeaway 3 - learn your levels.
Andee1:让我们回顾一下。要点1-了解你的杯子里有什么。咖啡因可以为你做很多事情,但它不是一种能量来源。对不起,朋友们。解决睡眠不足的唯一方法是多睡一会儿。外卖2-咖啡因不是敌人。在饮食中添加咖啡因有很多好处。不要被老太太的故事吓到。收获3-学习你的水平。
Andee2:Caffeine consumption is not one size-fits-all. We all have different sensitivities and tendencies, so listen to your body. Takeaway 4 - if it's time to cut back, go slow, and remember you can still savor your rituals. For more LIFE KIT, check out our other episodes. I hosted one on combating diet culture. I'm Andee Tagle. Thanks for listening. You know what I need? I need some caffeine. OK, bye.
Andee2:咖啡因的消费并不是一刀切的。我们都有不同的敏感度和倾向,所以要倾听你的身体。要点4——如果是时候减少开支了,慢慢来,记住你仍然可以享受你的仪式。欲了解更多LIFE KIT,请查看我们的其他剧集。我主持了一个关于反对饮食文化的活动。我是安迪·泰戈尔。感谢收听你知道我需要什么吗?我需要一些咖啡因。好的,再见。
—— END ——