CHAPTER FIVE: Taking Responsibility For Our Feelings
The third component of NVC entails the acknowledgment of the root of our feelings. NVC heightens our awareness that what others say and do may be the stimulus, but never the cause of our feelings. We see that our feelings result from how we choose to receive what others say and do, as well as our particular needs and expectations in that moment.
非暴力沟通的第三个要素是我们需要承认自己感受的根源。它让我们意识到的是,他人的言行举止也许会激发我们的感受,但绝非产生这些感受的原因。感受源自我们如何看待他人的言行,以及当时我们的需要和期待。
When someone gives us a negative message, whether verbally or nonverbally, we have four options as to how to receive it. One is to take it personally by hearing blame and criticism. For example, someone is angry and says, "You're the most self-centered person I've ever met!" In choosing to take it personally, we might react, "Oh, I should've been more sensitive!" We accept the other person's judgment and blame ourselves. We choose this option at a great cost to our self-esteem, for it inclines us toward feelings of guilt, shame, and depression.
听到不中听的话时,我们有四种应对的选择。第一种是指责自己,将错误归因到自己身上。例如,有人气愤地说:“我从没见过像你这么自私的人!”这时,我们可能会自责:“哦,我没有考虑别人的感受,真是太自私了!”这会导致我们内疚、惭愧,甚至厌恶自己。
A second option is to fault the speaker. For example, in response to "You're the most self-centered person I've ever met," we might protest, "You have no right to say that! I am always considering your needs. You're the one who is really self-centered." When we receive messages this way, and blame the speaker, we are likely to feel anger.
第二种是指责对方,将错误归因到对方身上。这时,我们也许会驳斥对方:“你没有权利这么说!我一直都很在乎你的感受。你才自私!”在争吵时,我们一般会感到恼怒。
When receiving a negative message, our third option would be to shine the light of consciousness on our own feelings and needs. Thus, we might reply, "When I hear you saying that I am the most self-centered person you've ever met, I feel hurt, because I need some recognition of my efforts to be considerate of your preferences." By focusing attention on our own feelings and needs, we become conscious that our current feeling of hurt derives from a need for our efforts to be recognized.
第三种是关注我们自己的感受和需要。这时,我们可能会发现我们有些伤心,因为我们看重信任和接纳。这时,我们也许会回应:“听到你说这样的话我很伤心,因为我也在努力体贴你,希望这一点能得到认可”
Finally, a fourth option in receiving a negative message is to shine the light of consciousness on the other person's feelings and needs as they are currently expressed. We might for example ask, "Are you feeling hurt because you need more consideration for your preferences?" We accept responsibility rather than blame other people for our feelings by acknowledging our own needs, desires, expectations, values, or thoughts.
第四种是用心体会他人的感受和需要。这时,我们也许就会想“他伤心可能是因为他需要体贴和支持”。通过了解我们的需要、愿望、期待以及想法,我们不再指责他人,而承认我们的感受源于自身。
The basic mechanism of motivating by guilt is to attribute the responsibility for one's own feelings to others. When parents say, "It hurts Mommy and Daddy when you get poor grades at school," they are implying that the child's actions are the cause of the parents' happiness or unhappiness. On the surface, feeling responsible for the feelings of others can easily be mistaken for positive caring. It appears that the child cares for the parent and feels bad because the parent is suffering. However, if children who assume this kind of responsibility change their behavior in accordance to parental wishes, they are not acting from the heart, but acting to avoid guilt.
如果我们想利用他人的内疚,我们通常采取的办法是,把自己不愉快的感受归咎于对方。家长也许会和孩子说:“你成绩不好让爸爸妈妈伤透了心!”言下之意是,他们快乐或不快乐是孩子的行为造成的。看到父母的痛苦,孩子可能会感到内疚,并因此调整行为来迎合他们。遗憾的是,这种调整只是为了避免内疚,而非出自对学习的热爱。
Judgments, criticisms, diagnoses, and interpretations of others are all alienated expressions of our needs. If someone says, "You never understand me," they are really telling us that their need to be understood is not being fulfilled. If a wife says, "You've been working late every night this week; you love your work more than you love me," she is saying that her need for intimacy is not being met.
批评往往暗含着期待。对他人的批评实际上间接表达了我们尚未满足的需要。如果一个人说“你从不理解我”,他实际上是渴望得到理解。如果太太说“这个星期你每天都工作到很晚,你喜欢工作,不喜欢我”,那反映了她看重亲密关系。
When we express our needs indirectly through the use of evaluations, interpretations, and images, others are likely to hear criticism. And when people hear anything that sounds like criticism, they tend to invest their energy in self-defense or counterattack. If we are wishing for a compassionate response from others, it is self-defeating to express our needs by interpreting or diagnosing their behavior. Instead, the more directly we can connect our feelings to our own needs, the easier it is for others to respond compassionately to our needs.
如果我们通过批评、判断和想象来间接地表达自己的需要时,他人很容易认为我们在批评他们,做出的反应常常是申辩或反击。反之,如果我们直接说出需要,其他人就较有可能作出积极的回应。
In our development toward a state of emotional liberation, most of us seem to experience three stages in the way we relate to others.