Have a lover, have friends, or read books?
1 The understanding that literature can comfort, console, and heal has been around since ancient Greek and Roman times. It is no coincidence that the ancient Greek god Apollo was the god of medicine as well as poetry.
2 One of the greatest arguments for using literature as therapy was proposed by Michel de Montaigne, who believed there were three possible cures for loneliness: have a lover, have friends, and read books. But he argued that love was too fleeting and betrayal too common, and while friendship was better it always ended with death. Therefore, the only therapy that could endure through life was the companionship of literature.
3 Why were the ancient Greeks and Romans right to suppose literature heals the soul? Why did Montaigne trust we could endure loneliness through a lifelong relationship with books? Why, despite all the distractions of modern life, do books still get published and valued? The answer lies in the power of stories.
4 Stories have been around since time began. They tell us what it is to be human, giving us a context for the past and an insight towards the future. A narrator's voice replaces our stressed, internal monologue and takes us out of our life and into the world of a story. Paradoxically, we think we are escaping ourselves but the best stories take us back deeper into our interior worlds. It is difficult to access emotional language and this is why we have writers. They remind us of the universality and timelessness of emotions, helping us better understand our own.
5 What stories have shaped you? It's a question worth reflecting on, as this shaping is often subconscious. The act of making it conscious will allow your future reading to perhaps have a different effect; you will be "reading" your life from now on, allowing you to live it more fully and understand it better.
6 Recently, more studies are telling us what the ancient Greeks and Romans already knew: Reading improves our mental health. In 2009, research at the University of Sussex found reading could reduce stress levels by 68 percent, working better at calming nerves than listening to music, going for walks, or having a cup of tea. Subjects only had to read silently for six minutes to slow down their heart rate and ease tension in muscles.
7 A 2013 study found reading literary fiction can help us become more empathetic, by giving us the experience of being emotionally transported to other places and relating to new characters. Other studies have shown reading can improve sleep quality and ease mild symptoms of depression and anxiety.
8 As a bibliotherapist, I am continually reminded that all forms of literature can help people in all sorts of ways. A person who is grieving may need a predictable plot and an ordered fictional world; a man searching for direction or coming to terms with retirement may need a novel that reflects and explores the transience of life; a mother of young children may reach for a novel that illustrates the curve of life and reminds her that although her life is messy and tiring, she is in just one chapter for now.
9 Sometimes it is not the content of the stories themselves but just knowing you have control by choosing to read or listen that provides the calming effect. All stories offer a safe, calm world with a beginning, middle, and end. We have the power to start or stop and choose how long we stay in the story's world.
10 Time spent listening to authors talk about their work and their own understanding of the power of literature also allows us, as readers, to reflect on stories that have shaped us.
11 "Why do stories matter so terribly to us, that we will offer ourselves up to, and later be grateful for, an experience that we know is going to fill us with grief and despair?" questions Helen Garner in her collection, Everywhere I Look.
12 Robert Dessaix, in his memoir What Days Are For, explores narrative as an "optimistic form": "Is that why I'm reading a novel in the first place? … It's optimistic in the sense that you keep turning the pages, one after the other … in the hope of something transforming happening. Isn't that it? In the hope of a transforming answer to your particular questions."
13 Both authors are exploring their identity as readers and the impact reading can have. There are many literary festivals held every year in towns and villages around the world. They are more than an event celebrating authors; they also celebrate the power of literature and the power of you, the reader.
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